Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy of male students of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male students of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 people completely randomly. Students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang and Goulet (2003) and the self-efficacy scale of children and adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software and through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' psychological hardiness and self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy in students.

S e t t i n g a f i x e d p r i c e t o a p e r i s h a b l e p r o d u c t c o n v i n c e s c u s t o m e r s t o p u r c h a s e f r e s h e r p r o d u c t s a n d k e e p a p o r t i o n o f i n v e n t o r y u n s o l d. H o w e v e r, p r i c i n g w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t i m e o f e x p i r i n g d a t e c a n i n c r e a s e t h e d e m a n d r a t e o f a g e d p r o d u c t s a n d d e c r e a s e t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e. H a v i n g t h e p r i c e e l a s t i c i t y o f d e m a n d a n d i t s i m p a c t o n i n v e n t o r y m a n a g e m e n t, e s p e c i a l l y f o r p e r i s h a b l e p r o d u c t s, m a k e s i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e p r i c i n g a n d i n v e n t o r y p r o b l e m s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a n e f f e c t i v e w a y f o r r e d u c i n g c o s t s a n d i n c r e a s i n g t h e t o t a l p r o f i t. P r i c i n g i t s e l f i s c o n s i d e r e d a s a m e c h a n i s m t o a t t r a c t m o r e c u s t o m e r s a n d i m p r o v e t h e r e t a i l e r's t o t a l p r o f i t. N o w a d a y s, t h e r i s e o f h e a l t h-c o n s c i o u s c u s t o m e r s h a s l e d t o i n c r e a s e d d e m a n d f o r f r e s h p r o d u c t s. T h e d e m a n d f o r t h e s e p r o d u c t s d e p e n d s o n t h e s e l l i n g p r i c e, f r e s h n e s s, a n d t h e d i s p l a y e d s t o c k l e v e l. A s t h e a g e o f t h e p e r i s h a b l e p r o d u c t i n c r e a s e s, m o r e a t t e m p t s a r e n e e d e d t o m a i n t a i n t h e f r e s h n e s s o f t h e s e p r o d u c t s, i n c r e a s i n g t h e h o l d i n g c o s t o v e r t i m e, i.e., t h e o l d e r t h e p r o d u c t, t h e h i g h e r t h e h o l d i n g c o s t. D u e t o d e p e n d e n c e o f d e m a n d r a t e o n d i s p l a y e d s t o c k l e v e l, t h e o p t i m a l v a l u e o f e n d i n g i n v e n t o r y i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y z e r o a n d a n o t h e r c h a l l e n g e i s t o d e c i d e o n w h a t i s t h e o p t i m a l i n v e n t o r y l e v e l a t t h e e n d o f a r e p l e n i s h m e n t c y c l e. T h i s r e s e a r c h i n v e s t i g a t e s a p r i c i n g-i n v e n t o r y p r o b l e m w i t h a m u l t i p l i c a t i v e d e m a n d f u n c t i o n o f p r i c e, f r e s h n e s s, a n d d i s p l a y e d s t o c k l e v e l w h e n t h e h o l d i n g c o s t f u n c t i o n i s l i n e a r l y t i m e-i n c r e a s i n g. A m a t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l i s p r o p o s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e r e p l e n i s h m e n t c y c l e t i m e, t h e e n d i n g i n v e n t o r y l e v e l, d i s c o u n t e d s e l l i n g p r i c e, t h e e c o n o m i c o r d e r q u a n t i t y, a n d t h e t i m e t o a p p l y t h e d i s c o u n t t o m a x i m i z e t h e r e t a i l e r's t o t a l p r o f i t. I t i s s h o w n t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v e f u n c t i o n o f t y p e p r o f i t m a x i m i z a t i o n i s q u a s i-c o n c a v e, a n d a s e a r c h a l g o r i t h m i s p r e s e n t e d b a s e d o n t h i s. F i n a l l y, a n e x a m p l e i s a p p l i e d t o s h o w t h e w e l l-d e f i n e d s t r u c t u r e o f t h e m o d e l. T h e s e n s i t i v i t y o f s o m e i m p o r t a n t p a r a m e t e r s i s a n a l y z e d t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e o r e t i c a l a n d m a n a g e r i a l a s p e c t s.

A characteristic of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights which are the most advantageous for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same scale, this paper proposes using a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach based on scalarizing function for generating common set of weights under the DEA framework. This is an advantageous of the proposed approach against general approaches in the literature which are based on multiple objective nonlinear programming.

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary.Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA Class III and IV, LV ejection fraction (EF)£35%, QRS³120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II –receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic (Tissue Doppler Imaging), ECG and Function class (NYHA) were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after.Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% (21.10±7 vs. 27.93±8.4%, P<0.001). Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced (P<0.013). Interventricular mechanical delay reduced (53.83ms±18.45 vs. 26.53ms±13.90 P=0.000) and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced (62.53ms±25.08 vs. 45.55ms±13.47, P=0.000). Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group (+9.06%±7.3 vs. +4.08%±6.5, P=0.01).Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure.

Objective(s): To validate Persian version of the FSFI and to determine its diagnostic cut off score. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. To fill in the Persian version of the FSFI. In addition clinical interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist on DSM-4 criteria. Women divided in two age and educational matched groups: the control group (n=28) who have not sexual dysfunction and the case group (n=53) who have sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of two groups. Optimal cut off score determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The findings showed satisfactory results for full scale and each subscale with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.66 or above for sexually dysfunctional sample and 0.70 or above for sexually active sample. Discriminant validity confirmed the ability of both total and domain scores to differentiate between active and inactive women. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity analyses we found that the optimal cut off score was found to be 28 for differentiating women with and without sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Iranian version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sexual function in women.

The main question of this essay is: how can human capacity be increased to endure problems? According to Quranic teachings and Hadith instructions, one of the ways leading to this purpose is "Tavakul", relying on God. To prove this, the present essay has been designed and is aimed to psychologically elaborate on the concept of reliance ad will investigate the function of reliance in increasing man's endurance when faced with life's problems. Based on the findings of the study, reliance on God may cause the person to experience changes in his cognition and perception of life and bring about new qualities. Such changes will build up his level of tolerance. When a person relies on God, he experiences a new kind of attitude through which the positive qualities of "calmness" and "confidence" are developed in his personality. Such qualities are the necessary elements of tolerance. These consequences were obtained through analyzing the "context" and "prerequisites" of the "reliance" and have been adapted to the field of family problems in increasing tolerance of family members when faced with "tragic events" or "bad behaviors".

In this paper predicting of position of satellite based on extended kalman filter with considering hardware implementation consideration and simultaneously maintaining desired accuracy is investigated. For this purpose, first, effective forces on orbital dynamic and nonlinear equation of orbital motion are presented. In order to increasing accuracy of prediction in position of satellite, J2, J3 and J4 harmonics of potential function of the earth are considered and future position of satellite is predicted using linearized dynamic model and applying EKF on this model. Here Measurement data are position and velocity vector of satellite which are extracted by GPS receivers. Since in this paper systematic satellite design is considered, scenario of “ON TIME” of GPS receivers based on power consumption considerations is discussed. Finally simulation results for a LEO satellite and comparing these results with STK results, shows accuracy of presented modeling and equations.